There are three types of lighting that can be used when taking photographs, and these are:
Diffused Lighting
Diffused lighting is lighting which is not harsh and direct: it appears softer. One example of diffused lighting is clouds in the sky lessening the effect of harsh sunlight. This type of lighting can often make it easier to take photos of your subject because there is not harsh contrast in lighting in the shot.
Direct Lighting
Direct lighting is simply when your subject is lit by something directly, such as harsh sunlight, which is not softened or diffused. It can create unique and fascinating shots when used correctly, but is generally the most difficult type of light to work with.
Reflected Lighting
Reflected lighting is when your subject is lit by light that is reflected off something, such as a building or some water. Like diffused lighting, this type of lighting is soft and it usually takes on the colour of the surface that the light is reflecting off.
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